backends/flint/flint_database.cc

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/* flint_database.cc: flint database
 *
 * Copyright 1999,2000,2001 BrightStation PLC
 * Copyright 2001 Hein Ragas
 * Copyright 2002 Ananova Ltd
 * Copyright 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2010 Olly Betts
 * Copyright 2006 Lemur Consulting Ltd
 * Copyright 2009 Richard Boulton
 * Copyright 2009 Kan-Ru Chen
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
 * License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301
 * USA
 */

#include <config.h>

#include "flint_database.h"

#include <xapian/error.h>
#include <xapian/valueiterator.h>

#include "autoptr.h"
#include "contiguousalldocspostlist.h"
#include "flint_alldocspostlist.h"
#include "flint_alltermslist.h"
#include "flint_document.h"
#include "flint_lock.h"
#include "flint_metadata.h"
#include "flint_modifiedpostlist.h"
#include "flint_positionlist.h"
#include "flint_postlist.h"
#include "flint_record.h"
#include "flint_spellingwordslist.h"
#include "flint_termlist.h"
#include "flint_utils.h"
#include "flint_values.h"
#include "omdebug.h"
#include "safeerrno.h"
#include "safesysstat.h"
#include "stringutils.h"
#include "utils.h"

#include <sys/types.h>

#include <list>
#include <string>

using namespace std;
using namespace Xapian;

// The maximum safe term length is determined by the postlist.  There we
// store the term followed by "\x00\x00" then a length byte, then up to
// 4 bytes of docid.  The Btree manager's key length limit is 252 bytes
// so the maximum safe term length is 252 - 2 - 1 - 4 = 245 bytes.  If
// the term contains zero bytes, the limit is lower (by one for each zero byte
// in the term).
#define MAX_SAFE_TERM_LENGTH 245

// Magic key in the postlist table (which corresponds to an invalid docid) is
// used to store the next free docid and total length of all documents.
static const string METAINFO_KEY("", 1);

/* This finds the tables, opens them at consistent revisions, manages
 * determining the current and next revision numbers, and stores handles
 * to the tables.
 */
FlintDatabase::FlintDatabase(const string &flint_dir, int action,
                             unsigned int block_size)
        : db_dir(flint_dir),
          readonly(action == XAPIAN_DB_READONLY),
          version_file(db_dir),
          postlist_table(db_dir, readonly),
          position_table(db_dir, readonly),
          termlist_table(db_dir, readonly),
          value_table(db_dir, readonly),
          synonym_table(db_dir, readonly),
          spelling_table(db_dir, readonly),
          record_table(db_dir, readonly),
          lock(db_dir + "/flintlock"),
          total_length(0),
          lastdocid(0)
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, void, "FlintDatabase", flint_dir << ", " << action <<
              ", " << block_size);

    if (action == XAPIAN_DB_READONLY) {
        open_tables_consistent();
        return;
    }

    if (action != Xapian::DB_OPEN && !database_exists()) {
        // FIXME: if we allow Xapian::DB_OVERWRITE, check it here

        // Create the directory for the database, if it doesn't exist
        // already.
        bool fail = false;
        struct stat statbuf;
        if (stat(db_dir, &statbuf) == 0) {
            if (!S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) fail = true;
        } else if (errno != ENOENT || mkdir(db_dir, 0755) == -1) {
            fail = true;
        }
        if (fail) {
            throw Xapian::DatabaseCreateError("Cannot create directory `" +
                                              db_dir + "'", errno);
        }
        get_database_write_lock();

        create_and_open_tables(block_size);
        return;
    }

    if (action == Xapian::DB_CREATE) {
        throw Xapian::DatabaseCreateError("Can't create new database at `" +
                                          db_dir + "': a database already exists and I was told "
                                          "not to overwrite it");
    }

    get_database_write_lock();
    // if we're overwriting, pretend the db doesn't exist
    // FIXME: if we allow Xapian::DB_OVERWRITE, check it here
    if (action == Xapian::DB_CREATE_OR_OVERWRITE) {
        create_and_open_tables(block_size);
        return;
    }

    // Get latest consistent version
    open_tables_consistent();

    // Check that there are no more recent versions of tables.  If there
    // are, perform recovery by writing a new revision number to all
    // tables.
    if (record_table.get_open_revision_number() !=
        postlist_table.get_latest_revision_number()) {
        flint_revision_number_t new_revision = get_next_revision_number();

        set_revision_number(new_revision);
    }
}

FlintDatabase::~FlintDatabase()
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, void, "~FlintDatabase", "");
}

void
FlintDatabase::read_metainfo()
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, void, "FlintDatabase::read_metainfo", "");

    string tag;
    if (!postlist_table.get_exact_entry(METAINFO_KEY, tag)) {
        lastdocid = 0;
        total_length = 0;
        return;
    }

    const char * data = tag.data();
    const char * end = data + tag.size();
    if (!unpack_uint(&data, end, &lastdocid) ||
        !unpack_uint_last(&data, end, &total_length)) {
        throw Xapian::DatabaseCorruptError("Meta information is corrupt.");
    }
}

bool
FlintDatabase::database_exists() {
    DEBUGCALL(DB, bool, "FlintDatabase::database_exists", "");
    RETURN(record_table.exists() &&
           postlist_table.exists() &&
           termlist_table.exists());
}

void
FlintDatabase::create_and_open_tables(unsigned int block_size)
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, void, "FlintDatabase::create_and_open_tables", "");
    // The caller is expected to create the database directory if it doesn't
    // already exist.

    // Create postlist_table first, and record_table last.  Existence of
    // record_table is considered to imply existence of the database.
    version_file.create();
    postlist_table.create_and_open(block_size);
    // The position table is created lazily, but erase it in case we're
    // overwriting an existing database and it already exists.
    position_table.erase();
    position_table.set_block_size(block_size);

    termlist_table.create_and_open(block_size);
    // The value table is created lazily, but erase it in case we're
    // overwriting an existing database and it already exists.
    value_table.erase();
    value_table.set_block_size(block_size);

    synonym_table.create_and_open(block_size);
    spelling_table.create_and_open(block_size);
    record_table.create_and_open(block_size);

    Assert(database_exists());

    // Check consistency
    flint_revision_number_t revision = record_table.get_open_revision_number();
    if (revision != termlist_table.get_open_revision_number() ||
        revision != postlist_table.get_open_revision_number()) {
        throw Xapian::DatabaseCreateError("Newly created tables are not in consistent state");
    }

    total_length = 0;
    lastdocid = 0;
}

void
FlintDatabase::open_tables_consistent()
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, void, "FlintDatabase::open_tables_consistent", "");
    // Open record_table first, since it's the last to be written to,
    // and hence if a revision is available in it, it should be available
    // in all the other tables (unless they've moved on already).
    //
    // If we find that a table can't open the desired revision, we
    // go back and open record_table again, until record_table has
    // the same revision as the last time we opened it.

    flint_revision_number_t cur_rev = record_table.get_open_revision_number();

    // Check the version file unless we're reopening.
    if (cur_rev == 0) version_file.read_and_check(readonly);

    record_table.open();
    flint_revision_number_t revision = record_table.get_open_revision_number();

    if (cur_rev && cur_rev == revision) {
        // We're reopening a database and the revision hasn't changed so we
        // don't need to do anything.
        return;
    }

    // In case the position, value, synonym, and/or spelling tables don't
    // exist yet.
    unsigned int block_size = record_table.get_block_size();
    position_table.set_block_size(block_size);
    value_table.set_block_size(block_size);
    synonym_table.set_block_size(block_size);
    spelling_table.set_block_size(block_size);

    bool fully_opened = false;
    int tries = 100;
    int tries_left = tries;
    while (!fully_opened && (tries_left--) > 0) {
        if (spelling_table.open(revision) &&
            synonym_table.open(revision) &&
            value_table.open(revision) &&
            termlist_table.open(revision) &&
            position_table.open(revision) &&
            postlist_table.open(revision)) {
            // Everything now open at the same revision.
            fully_opened = true;
        } else {
            // Couldn't open consistent revision: two cases possible:
            // i)   An update has completed and a second one has begun since
            //      record was opened.  This leaves a consistent revision
            //      available, but not the one we were trying to open.
            // ii)  Tables have become corrupt / have no consistent revision
            //      available.  In this case, updates must have ceased.
            //
            // So, we reopen the record table, and check its revision number,
            // if it's changed we try the opening again, otherwise we give up.
            //
            record_table.open();
            flint_revision_number_t newrevision =
                    record_table.get_open_revision_number();
            if (revision == newrevision) {
                // Revision number hasn't changed - therefore a second index
                // sweep hasn't begun and the system must have failed.  Database
                // is inconsistent.
                throw Xapian::DatabaseCorruptError("Cannot open tables at consistent revisions");
            }
            revision = newrevision;
        }
    }

    if (!fully_opened) {
        throw Xapian::DatabaseModifiedError("Cannot open tables at stable revision - changing too fast");
    }

    read_metainfo();
}

void
FlintDatabase::open_tables(flint_revision_number_t revision)
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, void, "FlintDatabase::open_tables", revision);
    version_file.read_and_check(readonly);
    record_table.open(revision);

    // In case the position, value, synonym, and/or spelling tables don't
    // exist yet.
    unsigned int block_size = record_table.get_block_size();
    position_table.set_block_size(block_size);
    value_table.set_block_size(block_size);
    synonym_table.set_block_size(block_size);
    spelling_table.set_block_size(block_size);

    spelling_table.open(revision);
    synonym_table.open(revision);
    value_table.open(revision);
    termlist_table.open(revision);
    position_table.open(revision);
    postlist_table.open(revision);
}

flint_revision_number_t
FlintDatabase::get_revision_number() const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, flint_revision_number_t, "FlintDatabase::get_revision_number", "");
    // We could use any table here, theoretically.
    RETURN(postlist_table.get_open_revision_number());
}

flint_revision_number_t
FlintDatabase::get_next_revision_number() const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, flint_revision_number_t, "FlintDatabase::get_next_revision_number", "");
    /* We _must_ use postlist_table here, since it is always the first
     * to be written, and hence will have the greatest available revision
     * number.
     */
    flint_revision_number_t new_revision =
            postlist_table.get_latest_revision_number();
    ++new_revision;
    RETURN(new_revision);
}

void
FlintDatabase::set_revision_number(flint_revision_number_t new_revision)
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, void, "FlintDatabase::set_revision_number", new_revision);
    postlist_table.commit(new_revision);
    position_table.commit(new_revision);
    termlist_table.commit(new_revision);
    value_table.commit(new_revision);
    synonym_table.commit(new_revision);
    spelling_table.commit(new_revision);
    record_table.commit(new_revision);
}

void
FlintDatabase::reopen()
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, void, "FlintDatabase::reopen", "");
    if (readonly) {
        open_tables_consistent();
    }
}

void
FlintDatabase::get_database_write_lock()
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, void, "FlintDatabase::get_database_write_lock", "");
    FlintLock::reason why = lock.lock(true);
    if (why != FlintLock::SUCCESS) {
        if (why == FlintLock::UNKNOWN && !database_exists()) {
            string msg("No flint database found at path `");
            msg += db_dir;
            msg += '\'';
            throw Xapian::DatabaseOpeningError(msg);
        }
        string msg("Unable to acquire database write lock on ");
        msg += db_dir;
        if (why == FlintLock::INUSE) {
            msg += ": already locked";
        } else if (why == FlintLock::UNSUPPORTED) {
            msg += ": locking probably not supported by this FS";
        }
        throw Xapian::DatabaseLockError(msg);
    }
}

void
FlintDatabase::modifications_failed(flint_revision_number_t old_revision,
                                    flint_revision_number_t new_revision,
                                    const string & msg)
{
    // Modifications failed.  Wipe all the modifications from memory.
    try {
        // Discard any buffered changes and reinitialised cached values
        // from the table.
        cancel();

        // Reopen tables with old revision number.
        open_tables(old_revision);

        // Increase revision numbers to new revision number plus one,
        // writing increased numbers to all tables.
        ++new_revision;
        set_revision_number(new_revision);
    } catch (const Xapian::Error &e) {
        // Permanently close the table, since we can't get it into a
        // consistent state, to avoid risk of database corruption.
        postlist_table.close(true);
        position_table.close(true);
        termlist_table.close(true);
        value_table.close(true);
        synonym_table.close(true);
        spelling_table.close(true);
        record_table.close(true);
        lock.release();
        throw Xapian::DatabaseError("Modifications failed (" + msg +
                                    "), and cannot set consistent table "
                                    "revision numbers: " + e.get_msg());
    }
}

void
FlintDatabase::apply()
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, void, "FlintDatabase::apply", "");
    if (!postlist_table.is_modified() &&
        !position_table.is_modified() &&
        !termlist_table.is_modified() &&
        !value_table.is_modified() &&
        !synonym_table.is_modified() &&
        !spelling_table.is_modified() &&
        !record_table.is_modified()) {
        return;
    }

    flint_revision_number_t old_revision = get_revision_number();
    flint_revision_number_t new_revision = get_next_revision_number();

    try {
        set_revision_number(new_revision);
    } catch (const Xapian::Error &e) {
        modifications_failed(old_revision, new_revision, e.get_description());
        throw;
    } catch (...) {
        modifications_failed(old_revision, new_revision, "Unknown error");
        throw;
    }
}

void
FlintDatabase::cancel()
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, void, "FlintDatabase::cancel", "");
    postlist_table.cancel();
    position_table.cancel();
    termlist_table.cancel();
    value_table.cancel();
    synonym_table.cancel();
    spelling_table.cancel();
    record_table.cancel();
}

Xapian::doccount
FlintDatabase::get_doccount() const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, Xapian::doccount, "FlintDatabase::get_doccount", "");
    RETURN(record_table.get_doccount());
}

Xapian::docid
FlintDatabase::get_lastdocid() const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, Xapian::docid, "FlintDatabase::get_lastdocid", "");
    RETURN(lastdocid);
}

Xapian::doclength
FlintDatabase::get_avlength() const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, Xapian::doclength, "FlintDatabase::get_avlength", "");
    Xapian::doccount doccount = record_table.get_doccount();
    if (doccount == 0) {
        // Avoid dividing by zero when there are no documents.
        RETURN(0);
    }
    RETURN(double(total_length) / doccount);
}

Xapian::doclength
FlintDatabase::get_doclength(Xapian::docid did) const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, Xapian::doclength, "FlintDatabase::get_doclength", did);
    Assert(did != 0);
    RETURN(termlist_table.get_doclength(did));
}

Xapian::doccount
FlintDatabase::get_termfreq(const string & term) const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, Xapian::doccount, "FlintDatabase::get_termfreq", term);
    Assert(!term.empty());
    RETURN(postlist_table.get_termfreq(term));
}

Xapian::termcount
FlintDatabase::get_collection_freq(const string & term) const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, Xapian::termcount, "FlintDatabase::get_collection_freq", term);
    Assert(!term.empty());
    RETURN(postlist_table.get_collection_freq(term));
}

bool
FlintDatabase::term_exists(const string & term) const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, bool, "FlintDatabase::term_exists", term);
    Assert(!term.empty());
    return postlist_table.term_exists(term);
}

bool
FlintDatabase::has_positions() const
{
    return !position_table.empty();
}

LeafPostList *
FlintDatabase::open_post_list(const string& term) const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, LeafPostList *, "FlintDatabase::open_post_list", term);
    Xapian::Internal::RefCntPtr<const FlintDatabase> ptrtothis(this);

    if (term.empty()) {
        Xapian::doccount doccount = get_doccount();
        if (lastdocid == doccount) {
            RETURN(new ContiguousAllDocsPostList(ptrtothis, doccount));
        }
        RETURN(new FlintAllDocsPostList(ptrtothis, doccount));
    }

    RETURN(new FlintPostList(ptrtothis, term));
}

TermList *
FlintDatabase::open_term_list(Xapian::docid did) const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, TermList *, "FlintDatabase::open_term_list", did);
    Assert(did != 0);

    Xapian::Internal::RefCntPtr<const FlintDatabase> ptrtothis(this);
    RETURN(new FlintTermList(ptrtothis, did));
}

Xapian::Document::Internal *
FlintDatabase::open_document(Xapian::docid did, bool lazy) const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, Xapian::Document::Internal *, "FlintDatabase::open_document",
              did << ", " << lazy);
    Assert(did != 0);

    Xapian::Internal::RefCntPtr<const FlintDatabase> ptrtothis(this);
    RETURN(new FlintDocument(ptrtothis,
                              &value_table,
                              &record_table,
                              did, lazy));
}

PositionList *
FlintDatabase::open_position_list(Xapian::docid did, const string & term) const
{
    Assert(did != 0);

    AutoPtr<FlintPositionList> poslist(new FlintPositionList());
    if (!poslist->read_data(&position_table, did, term)) {
        // Check that term / document combination exists.
        // If the doc doesn't exist, this will throw Xapian::DocNotFoundError:
        AutoPtr<TermList> tl(open_term_list(did));
        tl->skip_to(term);
        if (tl->at_end() || tl->get_termname() != term)
            throw Xapian::RangeError("Can't open position list: requested term is not present in document.");
        // FIXME: For 1.2.0, change this to just return an empty termlist.
        // If the user really needs to know, they can check themselves.
    }

    return poslist.release();
}

TermList *
FlintDatabase::open_allterms(const string & prefix) const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, TermList *, "FlintDatabase::open_allterms", "");
    RETURN(new FlintAllTermsList(Xapian::Internal::RefCntPtr<const FlintDatabase>(this),
                                 prefix));
}

TermList *
FlintDatabase::open_spelling_termlist(const string & word) const
{
    return spelling_table.open_termlist(word);
}

TermList *
FlintDatabase::open_spelling_wordlist() const
{
    FlintCursor * cursor = spelling_table.cursor_get();
    if (!cursor) return NULL;
    return new FlintSpellingWordsList(Xapian::Internal::RefCntPtr<const FlintDatabase>(this),
                                      cursor);
}

Xapian::doccount
FlintDatabase::get_spelling_frequency(const string & word) const
{
    return spelling_table.get_word_frequency(word);
}

TermList *
FlintDatabase::open_synonym_termlist(const string & term) const
{
    return synonym_table.open_termlist(term);
}

TermList *
FlintDatabase::open_synonym_keylist(const string & prefix) const
{
    FlintCursor * cursor = synonym_table.cursor_get();
    if (!cursor) return NULL;
    return new FlintSynonymTermList(Xapian::Internal::RefCntPtr<const FlintDatabase>(this),
                                    cursor, prefix);
}

TermList *
FlintDatabase::open_metadata_keylist(const std::string &prefix) const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, string, "FlintDatabase::open_metadata_keylist", "");
    FlintCursor * cursor = postlist_table.cursor_get();
    if (!cursor) return NULL;
    return new FlintMetadataTermList(Xapian::Internal::RefCntPtr<const FlintDatabase>(this),
                                     cursor, prefix);
}

string
FlintDatabase::get_metadata(const string & key) const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, string, "FlintDatabase::get_metadata", key);
    string btree_key("\x00\xc0", 2);
    btree_key += key;
    string tag;
    (void)postlist_table.get_exact_entry(btree_key, tag);
    RETURN(tag);
}


FlintWritableDatabase::FlintWritableDatabase(const string &dir, int action,
                                               int block_size)
        : FlintDatabase(dir, action, block_size),
          freq_deltas(),
          doclens(),
          mod_plists(),
          change_count(0),
          flush_threshold(0),
          modify_shortcut_document(NULL),
          modify_shortcut_docid(0)
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, void, "FlintWritableDatabase", dir << ", " << action << ", "
              << block_size);

    const char *p = getenv("XAPIAN_FLUSH_THRESHOLD");
    if (p)
        flush_threshold = atoi(p);
    if (flush_threshold == 0)
        flush_threshold = 10000;
}

FlintWritableDatabase::~FlintWritableDatabase()
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, void, "~FlintWritableDatabase", "");
    dtor_called();
}

void
FlintWritableDatabase::flush()
{
    if (transaction_active())
        throw Xapian::InvalidOperationError("Can't flush during a transaction");
    if (change_count) flush_postlist_changes();
    apply();
}

void
FlintWritableDatabase::flush_postlist_changes() const
{
    postlist_table.merge_changes(mod_plists, doclens, freq_deltas);

    // Update the total document length and last used docid.
    string tag = pack_uint(lastdocid);
    tag += pack_uint_last(total_length);
    postlist_table.add(METAINFO_KEY, tag);

    freq_deltas.clear();
    doclens.clear();
    mod_plists.clear();
    change_count = 0;
}

void
FlintWritableDatabase::add_freq_delta(const string & tname,
                                      Xapian::termcount_diff tf_delta,
                                      Xapian::termcount_diff cf_delta)
{
    map<string, pair<termcount_diff, termcount_diff> >::iterator i;
    i = freq_deltas.find(tname);
    if (i == freq_deltas.end()) {
        freq_deltas.insert(make_pair(tname, make_pair(tf_delta, cf_delta)));
    } else {
        i->second.first += tf_delta;
        i->second.second += cf_delta;
    }
}

void
FlintWritableDatabase::insert_mod_plist(Xapian::docid did,
                                        const string & tname,
                                        Xapian::termcount wdf)
{
    // Find or make the appropriate entry in mod_plists.
    map<string, map<docid, pair<char, termcount> > >::iterator j;
    j = mod_plists.find(tname);
    if (j == mod_plists.end()) {
        map<docid, pair<char, termcount> > m;
        j = mod_plists.insert(make_pair(tname, m)).first;
    }
    j->second[did] = make_pair('A', wdf);
}

void
FlintWritableDatabase::update_mod_plist(Xapian::docid did,
                                        const string & tname,
                                        char type,
                                        Xapian::termcount wdf)
{
    // Find or make the appropriate entry in mod_plists.
    map<string, map<docid, pair<char, termcount> > >::iterator j;
    j = mod_plists.find(tname);
    if (j == mod_plists.end()) {
        map<docid, pair<char, termcount> > m;
        j = mod_plists.insert(make_pair(tname, m)).first;
    }

    map<docid, pair<char, termcount> >::iterator k;
    k = j->second.find(did);
    if (k == j->second.end()) {
        j->second.insert(make_pair(did, make_pair(type, wdf)));
    } else {
        if (type == 'A') {
            // Adding an entry which has already been deleted.
            Assert(k->second.first == 'D');
            type = 'M';
        }
        k->second = make_pair(type, wdf);
    }
}

Xapian::docid
FlintWritableDatabase::add_document(const Xapian::Document & document)
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, Xapian::docid,
              "FlintWritableDatabase::add_document", document);
    // Make sure the docid counter doesn't overflow.
    if (lastdocid == Xapian::docid(-1))
        throw Xapian::DatabaseError("Run out of docids - you'll have to use copydatabase to eliminate any gaps before you can add more documents");
    // Use the next unused document ID.
    RETURN(add_document_(++lastdocid, document));
}

Xapian::docid
FlintWritableDatabase::add_document_(Xapian::docid did,
                                     const Xapian::Document & document)
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, Xapian::docid,
              "FlintWritableDatabase::add_document_", did << ", " << document);
    Assert(did != 0);
    try {
        // Add the record using that document ID.
        record_table.replace_record(document.get_data(), did);

        // Set the values.
        {
            Xapian::ValueIterator value = document.values_begin();
            Xapian::ValueIterator value_end = document.values_end();
            string s;
            value_table.encode_values(s, value, value_end);
            value_table.set_encoded_values(did, s);
        }

        flint_doclen_t new_doclen = 0;
        {
            Xapian::TermIterator term = document.termlist_begin();
            Xapian::TermIterator term_end = document.termlist_end();
            for ( ; term != term_end; ++term) {
                termcount wdf = term.get_wdf();
                // Calculate the new document length
                new_doclen += wdf;

                string tname = *term;
                if (tname.size() > MAX_SAFE_TERM_LENGTH)
                    throw Xapian::InvalidArgumentError("Term too long (> "STRINGIZE(MAX_SAFE_TERM_LENGTH)"): " + tname);
                add_freq_delta(tname, 1, wdf);
                insert_mod_plist(did, tname, wdf);

                PositionIterator pos = term.positionlist_begin();
                if (pos != term.positionlist_end()) {
                    position_table.set_positionlist(
                        did, tname,
                        pos, term.positionlist_end(), false);
                }
            }
        }
        DEBUGLINE(DB, "Calculated doclen for new document " << did << " as " << new_doclen);

        // Set the termlist
        termlist_table.set_termlist(did, document, new_doclen);

        // Set the new document length
        Assert(doclens.find(did) == doclens.end());
        doclens[did] = new_doclen;
        total_length += new_doclen;
    } catch (...) {
        // If an error occurs while adding a document, or doing any other
        // transaction, the modifications so far must be cleared before
        // returning control to the user - otherwise partial modifications will
        // persist in memory, and eventually get written to disk.
        cancel();
        throw;
    }

    // FIXME: this should be done by checking memory usage, not the number of
    // changes.
    // We could also look at:
    // * mod_plists.size()
    // * doclens.size()
    // * freq_deltas.size()
    //
    // cout << "+++ mod_plists.size() " << mod_plists.size() <<
    //     ", doclens.size() " << doclens.size() <<
    //     ", freq_deltas.size() " << freq_deltas.size() << endl;
    if (++change_count >= flush_threshold) {
        flush_postlist_changes();
        if (!transaction_active()) apply();
    }

    RETURN(did);
}

void
FlintWritableDatabase::delete_document(Xapian::docid did)
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, void, "FlintWritableDatabase::delete_document", did);
    Assert(did != 0);

    if (rare(modify_shortcut_docid == did)) {
        // The modify_shortcut document can't be used for a modification
        // shortcut now, because it's been deleted!
        modify_shortcut_document = NULL;
        modify_shortcut_docid = 0;
    }

    // Remove the record.  If this fails, just propagate the exception since
    // the state should still be consistent (most likely it's
    // DocNotFoundError).
    record_table.delete_record(did);

    try {
        // Remove the values
        value_table.delete_all_values(did);

        // OK, now add entries to remove the postings in the underlying record.
        Xapian::Internal::RefCntPtr<const FlintWritableDatabase> ptrtothis(this);
        FlintTermList termlist(ptrtothis, did);

        total_length -= termlist.get_doclength();

        termlist.next();
        while (!termlist.at_end()) {
            string tname = termlist.get_termname();
            position_table.delete_positionlist(did, tname);
            termcount wdf = termlist.get_wdf();

            add_freq_delta(tname, -1, -wdf);
            update_mod_plist(did, tname, 'D', 0u);

            termlist.next();
        }

        // Remove the termlist.
        termlist_table.delete_termlist(did);

        // Remove the new doclength.
        doclens.erase(did);
    } catch (...) {
        // If an error occurs while deleting a document, or doing any other
        // transaction, the modifications so far must be cleared before
        // returning control to the user - otherwise partial modifications will
        // persist in memory, and eventually get written to disk.
        cancel();
        throw;
    }

    if (++change_count >= flush_threshold) {
        flush_postlist_changes();
        if (!transaction_active()) apply();
    }
}

void
FlintWritableDatabase::replace_document(Xapian::docid did,
                                        const Xapian::Document & document)
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, void, "FlintWritableDatabase::replace_document", did << ", " << document);
    Assert(did != 0);

    try {
        if (did > lastdocid) {
            lastdocid = did;
            // If this docid is above the highwatermark, then we can't be
            // replacing an existing document.
            (void)add_document_(did, document);
            return;
        }

        // Check for a document read from this database being replaced - ie, a
        // modification operation.
        bool modifying = false;
        if (modify_shortcut_docid &&
            document.internal->get_docid() == modify_shortcut_docid) {
            if (document.internal.get() == modify_shortcut_document) {
                // We have a docid, it matches, and the pointer matches, so we
                // can skip modification of any data which hasn't been modified
                // in the document.
                if (!document.internal->modified()) {
                    // If the document is unchanged, we've nothing to do.
                    return;
                }
                modifying = true;
                DEBUGLINE(DB, "Detected potential document modification shortcut.");
            } else {
                // The modify_shortcut document can't be used for a
                // modification shortcut now, because it's about to be
                // modified.
                modify_shortcut_document = NULL;
                modify_shortcut_docid = 0;
            }
        }
  
        if (!modifying || document.internal->terms_modified()) {
            Xapian::Internal::RefCntPtr<const FlintWritableDatabase> ptrtothis(this);
            FlintTermList termlist(ptrtothis, did);
            Xapian::TermIterator term = document.termlist_begin();

            // We need to know whether the document length has changed before
            // we iterate through the term changes, because the document length
            // is stored in the postings, so if it's changed we have to update
            // all postings.  Therefore, we have to calculate the new document
            // length first.
            flint_doclen_t new_doclen = 0;
            for (; term != document.termlist_end(); ++term) {
                new_doclen += term.get_wdf();
            }

            term = document.termlist_begin();
            flint_doclen_t old_doclen = termlist.get_doclength();
            string old_tname, new_tname;
 
            total_length -= old_doclen;

            termlist.next();
            while (!termlist.at_end() || term != document.termlist_end()) {
                int cmp;
                if (termlist.at_end()) {
                    cmp = 1;
                    new_tname = *term;
                } else {
                    old_tname = termlist.get_termname();
                    if (term != document.termlist_end()) {
                        new_tname = *term;
                        cmp = old_tname.compare(new_tname);
                    } else {
                        cmp = -1;
                    }
                }

                if (cmp < 0) {
                    // Term old_tname has been deleted.
                    add_freq_delta(old_tname, -1, -termlist.get_wdf());
                    position_table.delete_positionlist(did, old_tname);
                    update_mod_plist(did, old_tname, 'D', 0u);
                    termlist.next();
                } else if (cmp > 0) {
                    // Term new_tname as been added.
                    termcount new_wdf = term.get_wdf();
                    if (new_tname.size() > MAX_SAFE_TERM_LENGTH)
                        throw Xapian::InvalidArgumentError("Term too long (> "STRINGIZE(MAX_SAFE_TERM_LENGTH)"): " + new_tname);
                    add_freq_delta(new_tname, 1, new_wdf);
                    update_mod_plist(did, new_tname, 'A', new_wdf);
                    PositionIterator pos = term.positionlist_begin();
                    if (pos != term.positionlist_end()) {
                        position_table.set_positionlist(
                            did, new_tname,
                            pos, term.positionlist_end(), false);
                    }
                    ++term;
                } else {
                    // Term already exists: look for wdf and positionlist changes.
                    termcount old_wdf = termlist.get_wdf();
                    termcount new_wdf = term.get_wdf();
                    if (old_doclen != new_doclen || old_wdf != new_wdf) {
                        add_freq_delta(new_tname, 0, new_wdf - old_wdf);
                        update_mod_plist(did, new_tname, 'M', new_wdf);
                    }

                    PositionIterator pos = term.positionlist_begin();
                    if (pos != term.positionlist_end()) {
                        position_table.set_positionlist(did, new_tname, pos,
                                                        term.positionlist_end(),
                                                        true);
                    } else {
                        position_table.delete_positionlist(did, new_tname);
                    }

                    termlist.next();
                    ++term;
                }
            }
            DEBUGLINE(DB, "Calculated doclen for replacement document " << did << " as " << new_doclen);

            // Set the termlist
            termlist_table.set_termlist(did, document, new_doclen);

            // Set the new document length
            doclens[did] = new_doclen;
            total_length += new_doclen;
        }

        if (!modifying || document.internal->data_modified()) {
            // Replace the record
            record_table.replace_record(document.get_data(), did);
        }

        if (!modifying || document.internal->values_modified()) {
            // FIXME: we read the values delete them and then replace in case
            // they come from where they're going!  Better to ask Document
            // nicely and shortcut in this case!
            Xapian::ValueIterator value = document.values_begin();
            Xapian::ValueIterator value_end = document.values_end();
            string s;
            value_table.encode_values(s, value, value_end);

            // Replace the values.
            value_table.delete_all_values(did);
            value_table.set_encoded_values(did, s);
        }
    } catch (const Xapian::DocNotFoundError &) {
        (void)add_document_(did, document);
        return;
    } catch (...) {
        // If an error occurs while replacing a document, or doing any other
        // transaction, the modifications so far must be cleared before
        // returning control to the user - otherwise partial modifications will
        // persist in memory, and eventually get written to disk.
        cancel();
        throw;
    }

    if (++change_count >= flush_threshold) {
        flush_postlist_changes();
        if (!transaction_active()) apply();
    }
}

Xapian::Document::Internal *
FlintWritableDatabase::open_document(Xapian::docid did, bool lazy) const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, Xapian::Document::Internal *, "FlintWritableDatabase::open_document",
              did << ", " << lazy);
    modify_shortcut_document = FlintDatabase::open_document(did, lazy);
    // Store the docid only after open_document() successfully returns, so an
    // attempt to open a missing document doesn't overwrite this.
    modify_shortcut_docid = did;
    RETURN(modify_shortcut_document);
}

Xapian::doclength
FlintWritableDatabase::get_doclength(Xapian::docid did) const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, Xapian::doclength, "FlintWritableDatabase::get_doclength", did);
    map<docid, termcount>::const_iterator i = doclens.find(did);
    if (i != doclens.end()) RETURN(i->second);

    RETURN(FlintDatabase::get_doclength(did));
}

Xapian::doccount
FlintWritableDatabase::get_termfreq(const string & tname) const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, Xapian::doccount, "FlintWritableDatabase::get_termfreq", tname);
    Xapian::doccount termfreq = FlintDatabase::get_termfreq(tname);
    map<string, pair<termcount_diff, termcount_diff> >::const_iterator i;
    i = freq_deltas.find(tname);
    if (i != freq_deltas.end()) termfreq += i->second.first;
    RETURN(termfreq);
}

Xapian::termcount
FlintWritableDatabase::get_collection_freq(const string & tname) const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, Xapian::termcount, "FlintWritableDatabase::get_collection_freq", tname);
    Xapian::termcount collfreq = FlintDatabase::get_collection_freq(tname);

    map<string, pair<termcount_diff, termcount_diff> >::const_iterator i;
    i = freq_deltas.find(tname);
    if (i != freq_deltas.end()) collfreq += i->second.second;

    RETURN(collfreq);
}

bool
FlintWritableDatabase::term_exists(const string & tname) const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, bool, "FlintWritableDatabase::term_exists", tname);
    RETURN(get_termfreq(tname) != 0);
}

LeafPostList *
FlintWritableDatabase::open_post_list(const string& tname) const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, LeafPostList *, "FlintWritableDatabase::open_post_list", tname);
    Xapian::Internal::RefCntPtr<const FlintWritableDatabase> ptrtothis(this);

    if (tname.empty()) {
        Xapian::doccount doccount = get_doccount();
        if (lastdocid == doccount) {
            RETURN(new ContiguousAllDocsPostList(ptrtothis, doccount));
        }
        RETURN(new FlintAllDocsPostList(ptrtothis, doccount));
    }

    map<string, map<docid, pair<char, termcount> > >::const_iterator j;
    j = mod_plists.find(tname);
    if (j != mod_plists.end()) {
        // We've got buffered changes to this term's postlist, so we need to
        // use a FlintModifiedPostList.
        RETURN(new FlintModifiedPostList(ptrtothis, tname, j->second));
    }

    RETURN(new FlintPostList(ptrtothis, tname));
}

TermList *
FlintWritableDatabase::open_allterms(const string & prefix) const
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, TermList *, "FlintWritableDatabase::open_allterms", "");
    // If there are changes, terms may have been added or removed, and so we
    // need to flush (but don't commit - there may be a transaction in progress.
    if (change_count) flush_postlist_changes();
    RETURN(FlintDatabase::open_allterms(prefix));
}

void
FlintWritableDatabase::cancel()
{
    FlintDatabase::cancel();
    read_metainfo();
    freq_deltas.clear();
    doclens.clear();
    mod_plists.clear();
    change_count = 0;
}

void
FlintWritableDatabase::add_spelling(const string & word,
                                    Xapian::termcount freqinc) const
{
    spelling_table.add_word(word, freqinc);
}

void
FlintWritableDatabase::remove_spelling(const string & word,
                                       Xapian::termcount freqdec) const
{
    spelling_table.remove_word(word, freqdec);
}

TermList *
FlintWritableDatabase::open_spelling_wordlist() const
{
    spelling_table.merge_changes();
    return FlintDatabase::open_spelling_wordlist();
}

TermList *
FlintWritableDatabase::open_synonym_keylist(const string & prefix) const
{
    synonym_table.merge_changes();
    return FlintDatabase::open_synonym_keylist(prefix);
}

void
FlintWritableDatabase::add_synonym(const string & term,
                                   const string & synonym) const
{
    synonym_table.add_synonym(term, synonym);
}

void
FlintWritableDatabase::remove_synonym(const string & term,
                                      const string & synonym) const
{
    synonym_table.remove_synonym(term, synonym);
}

void
FlintWritableDatabase::clear_synonyms(const string & term) const
{
    synonym_table.clear_synonyms(term);
}

void
FlintWritableDatabase::set_metadata(const string & key, const string & value)
{
    DEBUGCALL(DB, string, "FlintWritableDatabase::set_metadata",
              key << ", " << value);
    string btree_key("\x00\xc0", 2);
    btree_key += key;
    if (value.empty()) {
        postlist_table.del(btree_key);
    } else {
        postlist_table.add(btree_key, value);
    }
}

void
FlintWritableDatabase::invalidate_doc_object(Xapian::Document::Internal * obj) const
{
    if (obj == modify_shortcut_document) {
        modify_shortcut_document = NULL;
        modify_shortcut_docid = 0;
    }
}

---